Grace Hopper

1906-1992. Hopper was an amazing person who rose to the challenges
of programming the first computers. During her lifetime as a leader in the field
of software development concepts, she contributed to the transition from
primitive programming techniques to the use of sophisticated compilers. She
believed that "we've always done it that way" was not necessarily a good reason
to continue to do so.By 1949 programs contained mnemonics that were
transformed into binary code instructions executable by the computer.
Admiral
Hopper and her team extended this improvement on binary code with the
development of her first compiler, the A-O. The A-O series of compilers
translated symbolic mathematical code into machine code, and allowed the
specification of call numbers assigned to the collected programming routines
stored on magnetic tape. One could then simply specify the call numbers of the
desired routines and the computer would "find them on the tape, bring them over
and do the additions. This was the first compiler," she declared. Another
major effort in Admiral Hopper's life was the standardization of compilers.
Under her direction, the Navy developed a set of programs and procedures for
validating COBOL compilers. This concept of validation has had widespread impact
on other programming languages and organizations; it eventually led to national
and international standards and validation facilities for most programming
languages.