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Electronics: Review Exercise 4-2

 

Computers

 

n  Two concepts characterize all modern computers. They are

 

     ð ______________________________________________ mechanization of arithmetic

 

     ð ______________________________________________ stored program concept

 

n  The ENIAC was developed by _______________________________________________ John Mauchley and Presper Eckert

 

n  ENIAC stands for ______________________________________________________ Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

 

n  The name of the computer at Bletchley Park, England was _________________________ Collosus

 

n  _________________________________ wrote the first computer program  Augusta Byron

 

n  _________________________________Developed the first computer Charles Babbage

 

n  Name of the first computer____________________________  Difference Engine

 

n  CPU stands for ___________________________________________________  Central Processing Unit

 

n  The __________________________________ act like a "scratch pad" for the microprocessor (CPU); they keep track of the instructions, data, memory addresses, and status indicators the

    microprocessor is working with.   registers

 

n  What is a bit?  A 0 or a 1

 

n  What is a byte?     8 bits

 

n  RAM stands for ___________________________________________________________  Random Access Memory

 

n  ROM stands for ___________________________________________________________  Read Only Memory

 

n  The text lists 5 basic blocks of a digital computer. List these blocks below.

 

    ð _____________________________________  Input

 

    ð _____________________________________  Output

 

    ð _____________________________________  ALU

 

    ð _____________________________________  Control

 

    ð _____________________________________  Memory

 

n  The text lists 5 basic blocks of the computer's control unit. List these blocks below.

 

    ð _____________________________________  Clock

 

    ð _____________________________________  Program Counter

 

    ð _____________________________________  Address Register

 

    ð _____________________________________  Instruction Decoder

 

    ð _____________________________________  Instruction Register

 

n  A ______________________________ is the heart of a microcomputer. It contains four basic parts: registers, ALU, timing and control circuitry, and decoding circuitry. 

    microprocessor

 

n  The _________________________ is a register that holds the memory location of data stored in the stack.  stack pointer

 

n  The ________________________ performs math, logic, and decision-making operations   ALU

 

 

Number Systems and Binary Numbers

 

n  Given the following base ten number: 335.  Convert this number to

 

     ð Binary, 16 bit_________________________________________________________  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  1  0  1  0  0  1  1  1  1  = 20 + 21 + 22 + 23 + 26 + 28 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 64 + 256 = 335

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1

 

     ð Hexadecimal_________________________________________________________  NO DEDUCTION SINCE WOULD FOLLOW FROM ABOVE, SEE BELOW

Bit Pattern

Hexadecimal Representation

0000

0

0001

1

0010

2

0011

3

0100

4

0101

5

0110

6

0111

7

1000

8

1001

9

1010

A

1011

B

1100

C

1101

D

1110

E

1111

F

 

n  Convert the binary number 1110 to base 10.     0 X 20 + 1 X 21 + 1  X 22 + 1 X 23 = 0 + 2 + 4 + 8 = 14

 

n  Convert the hexadecimal number A4C8 to binary    1010 0100 1100 1000

 

n  8421 code is referred to as BCD code. What does BCD stand for?    Binary Coded Decimal.

 

 

Binary Logic Circuits

 

n  For each of the following gates, draw the traditional symbol and fill in the truth table output for the given input(s)

 

     ð NOT

 

Symbol

 

Truth Table

 

Input

Output

0

1

1

0

  

     ð AND

 

Symbol

Truth Table

 

Input A

Input B

Output

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

1

1

1

 

      ð NAND

 

Symbol

Truth Table

 

Input A

Input B

Output

0

0

1

0

1

1

1

0

1

1

1

0

  

  ð OR

 

Symbol

Truth Table

 

Input A

Input B

Output

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

0

1

1

1

1

 

     ð NOR

 

Symbol

Truth Table

 

Input A

Input B

Output

0

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

0

1

1

0

 

     ð EX-OR

 

Symbol

Truth Table

 

Input A

Input B

Output

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

0

1

1

1

0

 

     ð EX-NOR

 

Symbol

Truth Table

 

Input A

Input B

Output

0

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

0

1

1

1

 

n  A _________________________ is a special logic gate that isolates conventional gates from other circuitry. They provide innonverting input and output.  buffer