Notes: Voltage

Video on Batteries

Series Configuration

Parallel Configuration

Series-Parallel Confuguration

Concepts Summary

Ground

Circuits Using Drawings

 

Video on Batteries

 

Cell, battery, Tesla car, production of batteries, types of batteries, operation of batteries, Ray Kurzweil robots in blood, etc

 

Series Configuration

Note: The examples are separate - schematic does not mirrow the other

 

 

 

 

 

Parallel Configuration

Note: The examples are separate - schematic does not mirrow the other

 

 

 

Series-Parallel Configuration

Note: The examples are separate - schematic does not mirrow the other

 

 

Concepts Summary

ð Forcing an electron to move from its orbit causes current to flow

ð Energy is required to force the electrons to move

ð This energy is provided by voltage

ð Six common sources of voltage

         Ø friction

         Ø magnetism (most common approach)

         Ø chemicals  (second most common approach)

         Ø  light

         Ø heat

         Ø pressure

ð Conversely, voltage can be used to produce the above

ð A cell contains positive and negative electrodes separated by an electrolytic solution

ð A battery is a combination of 2 or more cells

ð Primary cells: Cells that cannot be recharged

ð Secondary cells: Cells that can be recharged

ð Dry cells are primary cells

ð Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium cells are secondary cells

ð Cells and batteries can be connected in a series-adding configuration

         Ø  Output current remains the same: I_total = 1₁ = I₂ etc

         Ø  Output voltage increases: V_total = V₁ + V₂ etc

ð Cells and batteries can be connected in parallel

         Ø  Voltage remains the same

         Ø  Current increases (the sum)

ð Cells and batteries can be connected in a series-parallel configuration

         Ø  Output voltage and current are increases - see text calculations

ð Voltage drop: energy used by a circuit

ð Voltage rise: Voltage applied to a circuit

ð Voltage drop in a circuit equals the voltage rise

ð Two types of ground

         Ø  Earth: prevent shock by keeping all appliances at same potential

 

         Ø  Electrical: Provides a common reference point

 

Circuits Using Drawings