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Plato, with his belief that the world was constructed with geometric
simplicity and elegance, felt certain that the sun, moon and planets would
have a natural circular motion, since that is the simplest uniform motion
that repeats itself endlessly, as their motion did.
However, although the “fixed stars” did in fact move in simple
circles about the North star, the sun, moon and planets traced out much more
complicated paths across the sky.
These paths had been followed closely and recorded since early
Babylonian civilization, so were very well known.
Plato suggested that perhaps these complicated paths were actually
combinations of simple circular motions
Plato believed the planets to be animate beings.
He argued that it was not possible that they should accurately
describe their orbits year after year if they didn’t know what they were
doing—that is, if they had no soul attached.
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